Hydrometer.



M. E. MUELLER.

HYDROMETER. APPLICATION FILED MAY 26, 1915 Patented Mar. 28,1916.

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t tlll h lli l -MA'K E. MOELLElfl'OF BROGKLYN, NEW! YORK.

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Spccificatioii of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. as, rare.

Application filed May 26, 1915. Serial No. 30,480.

,7 Kings, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in w 1 V11 I llydrometeis, oi nhichvthe to omng 1s a specification.

The improvements relate to hydrometers, and more particularly to instruments of this character designed to be used in connection with a vessel provided with means for ex-.

treating a, small amount of liquid-from other vessels and testing its specific gravity. In such instruments the vessel is provided with a nozzle of some kind and a suction device, such a compressible bulb, and the hydrometer is located inside the vessel, which is made of glass or other transparent inaterial so that the graduation marks of the hydrometer comes in contact with the walls till till

of the vessel in which it is located, adheres slightly thereto and prevents a correct reading. The buoyancy of the hydrometer is of course necessarily feeble, and therefore a slight adhesion between it and the walls of the vessel will interfere seriously with that buoyancy. Ellorts have been made to over come this objection, but so Mir as I am aware has not been cured to such an extent as render the instrument reliable under all conditions of use. If the instrumentis held carefully in a vertical position, and the inner surfaces of the vessel are lrept dry the dii'iiculty can be avoided in most instances. This, however, is not to be relied upon. In testing electric batteries, for instance, considerable carelessness is exhibited by those in charge of the work, and very often it is convenient or necessary to place the instrument at an agle to the vertical. when extracting liquid for testing purposes, and in addition to this if the nozzle is not kept submerged while the liquid is being drawn into the vessel, air Will be drawn' in and will cause it to splash and moisten the said vessel from top to bottom. I have discovered that all these matters may be provided for and the instrument made safe and dependable unde all conditions, by the construction and arrangement hereinafter described and claimed.

To these ends the objects of the invention, among others, are to provide an extracting device and hydrometer so constructed and arranged as to give an accurate reading under various conditions and even if carelessly handled, and to provide a simple, com pact and suiliciently eapacious device which will be convenient to handle and meet all the other requirements.

The invention consists in the construction, combination and arrangement of parts hereinat'ter described and claimed and illustrated in the accompanying, drawings.

In the said drawings, the figure is a vertical medial section oli a vessel with liquid extracting means and hydrometer embodying the improvements.

The compressible bulb A has its neck passed over the openhollow neck of the vessel B and is held in state of expansion thereon. To the opposite end of the said vessel a tube l) of rubber or similar material is securedby being expanded and forced over the hollow nipple C, and in the lower or outer end of this tube a glass tube E is placed so as to extend a suitable distance therefrom and provide a nozzle which may be immersed in the solution to betested for the purpose of withdrawing a part of the same, and through which the contents of the testing device are discharged.

The hydrometer proper F is of ordinarv form, and consists of a weighted bulb G and a stem it with gifnduation marks thereon.

H may rise and fall freely therein when bouyed by the liquid, and will not pass out of the same before it has been raised to a. sullicient extent for the operator to easily observe that it is free from the bottom and floating in the liquid. The intermediate compartment l; is Sl'HTlQWlllll) greater in diameter than the compartment L and shorter, and the compartment .l is of still greater diameter and approximately the same length. It will thus be observed that in effect there is proided a, vessel flaring upwardly from its lower vertically walled compartment to provide for the increased distance subtended by the angle within which the lower portion of the compartment may vibrate. As the vibration of the hydroineter stein in the vessel is limited by the walls of the coinpartment L. with which the bulb comes in contact. and the extreme angle with respect to the vertical which this stem may assume will not bring it in contact with the walls of J or K. such Contact is thereby insured against. The length of the compartment L is such that the bulb, and its appended stem will float before liquid oi any density recordable by the hydrometer has risen to the intermediate chamber K, and the bulb will therefore be within this compartment or chamber in when the instrument floats and indicates the specific gravity. Contact between the bulb and the walls of the chamber L will also take place, when the level is at and above the level of liquid necessary to float the hydrometer. only in the liquid. This prevents any adhesion. Ilhis is pro vided for by the-relative proportions of the parts and the weigl'it of the hydronieter. If the bulb were permitted to come in contact with the Walls above the liquid or the stem were permitted to do so, a slight therefore that the improved construction herein described, although involving relatively small modifications in detail of construction accomplishes a very important result, and in fact readers an unreliable instrument absolutely reliable and dependable under all conditions of use.

It will be understood that the compres sible bulb A may be made of such size and capacity that when compressed and allowed to expand it will draw in a sullicient quantity of liquid to fill the vessel to the desired height, and also that other details of construction may be addedand modifications of thedetailsshown and described made without departing from the spirit and scope l. lln a device of the character described;

the combination. of a transparent vessel, a device for tletermininp; the specific gra ity of liquid comprising a bulb and a stem located in said TESS l means for filling" the said vessel Win I to a point ii" said device hill float, he relative sizes or the part at the vessel in which the hydrom-- eter bulb ren'iains and oil that part eon.- tamins; the hydromcter stem being such that in the eatreme inclined position g'iossible for cannot touch the walls of the vessel 2 lo a device the character tescribetl,

the combination of a litguid extractor, cert? prising; a vessel. into which the liquid is drawn and in which 1' .eld, a hydrohie tcr in said vessel consisting oi a and a bulb contracted. and weighted to slant on liquid in an upright position, projecting upwardly firoi'n the bulb, and. having grraduatioas thereon, whereby the specific gravity of the liquid. is determined by the level of the liquid with "o the stem, the lower part oi" said "vessel cont acted and receiving: said bulb iting the lateral movement of same to such an extent that the stem is held. all times out of contact with the Walls of the vessel.

The combination of a vbssel adapted receive and contain liquid to he tested for specific gravity, and a hydrometer within said vessel, said vessel having contracted lower partand the lower part of the lift"- droineter remaining in said contracted part while testing the specific gravity elf a liquid, the relative size of the iwdro 'aeter with respect to the contracted low 'er' portion being such that the level at a liquid heavier than Water at the floating; pointof the hydroar eter is above all points of possible contact between the hydrometer and the walls the said vessel. 7

The combination of a floating hydrotheter and a vessel adapted to contain liquid to be tested in which said hydrometer is located, the relative sizes of the vessel and. the hvdrometer being" such that when at its floating point and extreme inclined position possible for the said tloated hydron'ieter it cannot touch the Walls of 'the vessel above the liquid level therein. 9

The combination of a floating hydrometer and a vessel adaptcd to contain liquid in which it is located, said vessel having a memes relatively large upper chamber, a contracted lower portion and an intermediate portion larger than the contracted lower portion and smaller. than the upper, the three parts forming a continuous receptacle, and the hydrometer having its bulb in the lower portion and its stem extending through the intermediate into the upper portion the size of the lower portion in relation to the other portions being such that the hydrometer, when at its fioating'point and extreme inclined position, cannot touch'the Walls of the upper portions with its stem.

6. The combination of a floating hydrometer and a vessel adapted to contain liquid to be tested, said vessel having a contracted lower portion and an enlarged upper portion and said hydrometer having an en largecl bulb in said contracted portion and a relatively narrow stem in said. enlarged portion, the relative size of the bulb and the contracted lower portion being such that oscillatory movement of the bulb While in said contracted lower portion is limited to such an extent as to prevent the stem or contracted portion from coming in contact with the walls of the enlarged portion Within which it is located.

- Witness my hand this 1915, at the city of New York, N. Y.

' MAX E. MOELLER.

Witnesses:

MARY H. Lewis, fi. J. Cox.

17th day of May, 

